三管齐下的癌症预防方法

田小江

需要改善饮食和开始锻炼的另一个原因吗？一项新的研究发现，这样做可能有助于抵御癌症。

法国国家健康与医学研究所的共同作者Bernard Srour说：“请记住，每种生活方式因素都很重要，采用健康的生活方式永远不会太晚。”

Srour的研究小组发现，吃健康食品，从事体力活动和避免饮酒与降低总体癌症风险以及降低乳腺癌和前列腺癌风险有关。

研究人员分析了法国40岁及以上从未被诊断患有癌症的41,000多名成年人的数据。在2009年5月至2017年1月期间，该组中诊断出近1,500例癌症。

但研究人员表示，那些最擅长癌症的人更加坚持世界癌症研究基金会（WCRF）和美国癌症研究所（AICR）制定的膳食指南。

指南健康饮食评分增加1分与总体癌症风险降低12％，乳腺癌风险降低14％，前列腺癌风险降低12％相关。

该研究于7月26日在癌症研究期刊上发表。

该研究的作者得出结论，健康饮食的“协同作用”比任何单一饮食建议在降低癌症风险方面更为重要。

例如，来自水果和蔬菜的抗氧化剂可以抵消红肉和加工肉类带来的一些癌症风险。同样，通过降低血压，运动可以部分抵消高盐食物的影响。

“这强调了整体健康生活方式的作用 - 营养和身体活动以及酒精避免 - 在预防癌症方面，”Srour在期刊新闻发布会上说。

研究人员表示，WCRF / AICR建议避免饮酒最有可能促成该饮食在降低癌症风险方面的作用。

“在其上一份报告中，WCRF表示，现在有强有力的，令人信服的证据表明酒精消费会增加口咽，食道，肝脏，结直肠和绝经后乳腺癌的风险，”该研究的共同作者，法国研究所的Mathilde Touvier说。卫生和医学研究和巴黎大学。

Touvier补充说，似乎酒精与胃和绝经前乳腺癌有关。

原文

Need another reason to improve your diet and start exercising? Doing so could help ward off cancer, a new study finds.

"Keep in mind that every lifestyle factor counts and it is never too late to adopt a healthy lifestyle," said study co-author Bernard Srour, of the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research.

Eating healthful foods, engaging in physical activity and avoiding alcohol is tied to lower overall cancer risk, as well as lower breast and prostate cancer risks, Srour's team found.

Researchers analyzed data from more than 41,000 adults in France, age 40 and older, who had never been diagnosed with cancer. Between May 2009 and January 2017, nearly 1,500 cases of cancer were diagnosed in the group.

But those who fared best cancer-wise adhered more closely to dietary guidelines developed by the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR), the researchers said.

A 1-point increase on the guidelines' score of healthy eating was associated with a 12 percent decrease in overall cancer risk, a 14 percent decrease in breast cancer risk, and a 12 percent decrease in prostate cancer risk.

The study was published July 26 in the journal Cancer Research.

The study authors concluded that the "synergistic contribution" of a healthy diet was more significant than any single dietary recommendation in reducing cancer risk.

For example, antioxidants from fruits and vegetables may counteract some of the cancer risks posed by red meat and processed meat. Similarly, by lowering blood pressure, exercise could partly offset the effects of high-salt foods.

"This emphasizes the role of an overall healthy lifestyle -- nutrition and physical activity and alcohol avoidance -- in cancer prevention," Srour said in a journal news release.

The researchers said the WCRF/AICR recommendation to avoid alcohol most likely contributed to that diet's role in reducing cancer risk.

"In its last report, the WCRF stated that there is now strong, convincing evidence that alcohol consumption increases the risks of oropharyngeal, esophagus, liver, colorectal and postmenopausal breast cancers," said study co-author Mathilde Touvier, also of the French Institute of Health and Medical Research and the University of Paris.

It appears alcohol is linked with stomach and premenopausal breast cancers as well, Touvier added.